Dr Salathiso Ndongeni

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• Acne – This is an inflammatory skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles on your face become blocked and oils build up under the skin. This then causes closed comedones, also known as whiteheads, or open comedones, also known as blackheads. Acne may be caused by certain medication such as steroids, greasy cosmetics, hormonal changes, emotional stress, menstruation and bacteria. Acne may cause symptoms such as small red and tender bumps, large and painful lumps, and painful cystic lesions. Dr Ndongeni may prescribe oral medication such as antibiotics and oral contraceptives. He may also recommend micro-needling, a chemical peel, extraction of whiteheads and blackheads or steroid injections.
• Rosacea – This is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects the face. This may be caused or worsened by spicy food, hot beverages such as tea and coffee, emotional stress, exercise, and sunlight or wind. Signs and symptoms of rosacea may include facial redness, swollen red bumps on your face, enlarged nose, and dry, irritated, swollen, red eyes Rosacea treatment depends entirely on how severe and persistent your condition is. Dr Ndongeni may prescribe oral medication such as antibiotics and topical treatment depending on the severity of the condition.
• Hyperpigmentation - This is a skin condition where the skin produces too much melanin. This may then lead to the occurrence of darker skin patches or spots than the surrounding areas. There are different types of hyperpigmentation, namely age spots, melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This may be caused by sun exposure, skin inflammation and hormonal changes which may darken certain areas of the skin. Signs and symptoms of hyperpigmentation may include large skin patches and spots or patches of darkened skin. Dr Ndongeni may recommend chemical peels, microdermabrasion and intense pulse light, which may be combined with prescribed medication such as retinoids.
• Hair disorders – These are hair conditions such as hair loss, baldness and excessive hair loss which involves the hair shaft. These disorders include androgenic alopecia, alopecia areata, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, lichen planopilaris, seborrheic and scalp psoriasis. Signs and symptoms of hair disorders may include itchiness or burning sensation, red skin, and skin flakes or dandruff on your scalp, eyebrows, beard, hair or moustache. Some hair disorder may cause symptoms such as patches of hair loss and reduced hair density. After an evaluation, Dr Ndongeni may recommend corticosteroids, topical formulations, antibiotic, chloroquine and topical ointment or gels.
• Eczema – This is a skin condition which causes patches of skin to become inflamed, itchy, red, cracked and rough, which may lead to the occurrence of sores. Eczema is more common in children whose parents and or siblings had the condition, or another atopic condition such as atopic dermatitis, asthma or allergic rhinitis and hay fever. Late-onset eczema usually affects individuals after puberty, and in some cases, eczema may develop during later stages of life. Eczema symptoms include skin infections, very dry skin, itchiness and redness on the affected area. Dr Ndongeni may recommend topical corticosteroid creams and ointments, oral antibiotics, an antiviral and antifungal medications as necessary.
• Psoriasis – This is a skin condition which speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. It causes the skin cells to rapidly build up on the surface of the skin resulting in the formation of scales and red patches that are itchy and painful. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which often comes and goes. These scales may occur anywhere on the body such as the hands, feet, neck, scalp, face, elbows and knees. A dysfunctional immune system and genetics may cause psoriasis. Treatment options for psoriasis involve Dr Ndongeni prescribing topical creams and ointments such as topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, or calcineurin inhibitors to be applied on your skin for mild to moderate psoriasis.
• HIV related skin conditions – HIV weakens the immune system, which affects the body's ability to fight infections and cancer. People who are living with HIV are more likely to suffer from health-related problems such as skin problems. These skin problems include infectious HIV-related cutaneous disorders such as viral infections, bacterial infections as well as non-infectious HIV cutaneous disorder such as seborrheic dermatitis, HIV related psoriasis and HIV related hair and nail disorders. Other diseases include HIV related cancers such as lymphomas and basal cell carcinomas. HIV related skin conditions symptoms and treatment differ depending on the type of condition you are diagnosed with and how severe the condition is.
• Skin infections (impetigo) – Impetigo is a contagious skin infection that affects infants and children. This infection results typically in the appearance of red sores on the face around the child's nose, mouth, hands and feet. These sores may burst, which may cause the occurrence of honey-coloured crusts. Impetigo is caused by strains of staph or strep bacteria which enter the body through a cut, scratch, insect bite or rash on the skin. To treat skin infections, Dr Ndongeni may prescribe an antibiotic ointment or cream and oral antibiotic medication. If there is an underlying skin condition such as eczema, it is essential that the dermatologist treat it before treating and preventing the reoccurrence of impetigo.
• Scars – When the skin is injured, the body naturally repairs the damage caused by the injury. In order to repair damage that goes deeper than the first layer of skin, the body then makes a tissue that is thicker than the actual skin, which often becomes a scar. There are different types of scars, namely keloid scars, contracture scars, hypertrophic scars and acne scars. Scars can't be permanently be removed, but their appearance may be improved. As a dermatologist, Dr Ndongeni may recommend topical treatment, steroid injections, and micro-needling to help reduce the size of the scars and stimulate collagen production.
• Nail disorders – Normal healthy nails are smooth and have a consistent colour. When fingernails or toenails don’t grow properly, or their appearance is not healthy, this may indicate a nail disorder. Abnormalities include spots, discolouration and nail separation, which may result from injuries to the hands and fingers. There are different types of nail disorders, namely beau's lines, fungal nail infections, nail lifting, nail splitting and bacterial nail infection. Depending on the type of nail disorder you are diagnosed with, Dr Ndongeni may recommend oral antifungal drugs, antifungal nail polish, corticosteroids and nail cream.
• Melasma – This is a common pigmentation disorder which may cause grey or brown patches on the bridge of the nose, the forehead, the cheeks and the upper lip. Melasma may be caused by the malfunction of the colour-making cells in the skin, which then leads to the production of too much colour. Hormonal changes, hormone treatment and sun exposure may potentially trigger melasma. Melasma may cause symptoms such as the development of discoloured brownish coloured patches of skin. The dermatologist may prescribe a combination of creams which may contain hydroquinone, corticosteroids and tretinoin. If topical medication has been exhausted, Dr Ndongeni may recommend a chemical peel and micro-needling.
• Hyperhidrosis – This is defined as excessive sweating which may be classified as primary and secondary hyperhidrosis. Primary hyperhidrosis is the most common type of excessive sweating which affects the palms, soles and axillae (armpits). This is mostly experienced during waking hours, and axillary hyperhidrosis occurs at or following puberty. Secondary hyperhidrosis is caused by another underlying medical condition such as tuberculosis, some cancers such as lymphoma, endocrine problems and nervous system disorders. Depending on the type of hyperhidrosis and whether an underlying medical condition is present, Dr Ndongeni may recommend aluminium chloride hexahydrate and other topical solutions, botox injections and anticholinergics.
• Vitiligo – This is a skin disorder that is characterized by loss of skin colour in patches. Vitiligo affects people of any gender, ethnic group and or age. These patches occur due to the melanocytes in the skin losing their function. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin. Vitiligo may be caused by genetic factors and may cause symptoms such as loss of skin colour in your mouth and nose, patchy loss of skin colour, and whitening or greying of the hair on the scalp, eyelashes, eyebrow or beard. Dr Ndongeni may recommend corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, UVB therapy, and tissue graft or cellular grafts.
• Punch biopsy – This is a medical procedure that is done to collect tissue for laboratory examination. It is a low-risk procedure that is done under local anaesthesia. It is done to diagnose suspicious skin growths and lesions or inflammatory skin conditions. This procedure involves the dermatologist rotating the punch biopsy tool in your skin and obtain the specimen to send it to the laboratory for testing. After the procedure, the site where the procedure was done, and you will be advised on how to take care of the wound. Pain medication may be prescribed to help relieve the pain.
• Excision of common moles – Moles are skin growths appear as small, dark brown spots and are caused by clusters of pigmented cells. These may appear during childhood and adolescence, which may change in appearance or fade away over time. Moles may develop anywhere on the body including the nails, palms and soles, and they may be raised or flat, they may vary in colour from pink or brown and may be benign. To treat moles, Dr Ndongeni may recommend mole excisions such as excision or cutting, electrosurgical destruction or cauterization and cryotherapy. After the procedure, the dermatologist will prescribe pain medication and antibiotics to relieve pain and prevent the occurrence of infections.
• Cauterization – This is a medical procedure that uses heat to burn a part of the body to stop bleeding, to remove abnormal tissue growth, or to prevent an infection from occurring. Cauterization is normally recommended to remove abnormal or unwanted tissue growths on the skin. This procedure involves the dermatologist using a pen-like needle or probe that has a mild electric current to seal or destroy lesions or tissues. The tip of the probe or needle comes in direct contact with the lesion or tissue. The heat then seals and removes the tissue it touches. After the procedure, the tumour, warts or other abnormal growth tissues will be removed.
• Curettage – This is a surgical procedure performed to remove dead or diseased tissues such as growths. It may also be used to obtain a biopsy which may be used to diagnose a condition. Curettage involves the dermatologists using a small, spoon-shaped tool that has a very sharp edge, called a curette. During the procedure, Dr Ndongeni will numb the skin that’s surrounding the lesion and sear the surface of the wound with a pencil-like metal instrument. A high-frequency electric current will be applied onto the area. This is performed to prevent bleeding and to remove unwanted tissue. After the procedure, the wound will be dressed.
• Chemical peels – This a chemical solution will be applied on your face, hands or neck to help treat damaged skin and improve the appearance of scars. There are different types of chemical peels, namely superficial peels, medium peels and deep peels. Chemical peels are recommended to treat wrinkles, sun damage, acne scars, hyperpigmentation, scars, melasma and uneven skin tone. The chemical peel will whiten your skin, and the new skin underneath will be smoother and appear less wrinkled and less damaged. After the procedure, your skin may be temporarily swollen, lighter or darker, which may take approximately two weeks for new skin to develop.
• Micro-needling – This is a procedure which involves the dermatologist using multiple small sterile needles to puncture the skin in order to treat different skin conditions. Micro-needling helps increase the production of collagen and other healing factors by causing trauma to the skin. This procedure is used to treat skin-related complaints such as wrinkles, acne, scars, skin pigmentation such as hyperpigmentation, stretch marks, rosacea, age spots and large pores. Micro-needling may also be used inject medication such as topical tretinoin or vitamin C into the skin. After the procedure, the dermatologist will apply a serum or calming treatment on your face.
• Dermatoscope – This is a scope used by dermatologists to examine the skin through a procedure called a dermatoscopy. The dermatoscope consists of several components such as special lenses or magnifier, a focus light that will be projected on the skin, a transparent plate and a liquid medium. This is a non-invasive, in vivo technique which is used for examining pigmented skin lesions. It may also be used to diagnose fungal infections, hair and scalp diseases, pubic lice, scabies and warts. During the procedure, the liquid medium is applied to your skin to cover the light from the dermatoscope. This then allows the dermatologist to observe and examine the deeper structures of your skin.
• Cryotherapy – This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the use of extremely cold liquid such as liquid nitrogen, to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue cells that need to be removed. Cryotherapy is used to treat skin lesions that may be skin growths or patches which may be cancerous or noncancerous, skin tags, cholesterol spots, viral warts, burns and scars. This procedure is not painful and involves Dr Ndongeni spraying liquid nitrogen on the skin lesion with the use of a cryospray. This then freezes the skin lesions without the need for cutting. You will be advised on how to take care of the treated area after the procedure.
• Botox injections for excessive sweating – These are injections which contain a purified protein that helps block the chemical signals from the nerves that stimulate sweat glands. Botox injections are used to treat neuromuscular conditions such as migraines, muscle spam and hyperhidrosis (also known as excessive sweating). If the condition is not improving even with conservative treatments such as antiperspirants and other medications. During the procedure, Dr Ndongeni will inject the botox injections near the sweat glands to paralyze the overactive nerves where the body commonly sweats. After the procedure, it normally takes 2 -7 days for you to stop sweating in the treated area.
• Intralesional steroid injections – These injections contain corticosteroid substances such as triamcinolone acetonide. These are administered directly to the lesion or the skin to deliver a higher concentration of medicine in order to maximize efficiency while decreasing the effects of the drug. Intralesional steroid injections are recommended to treat skin conditions such as alopecia areata, keloid/ hypertrophic scar, lichen planus, acne cysts, cutaneous sarcoidosis and folliculitis keloidalis nuchae. Intralesional administration of corticosteroids helps treat dermal inflammatory process to reduce surface skin thinning. Corticosteroid is normally diluted with a local anaesthetic to reduce pain and discomfort. After the procedure, you may experience some pain in the treated area, which may wear off within a few days. These injections may be repeated for a few months in order to achieve the best results.