Dr Tebogo Machailo

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• Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes occurs when glucose levels are unusually high because the body is unable to regulate enough insulin, which is responsible for transferring blood sugar to the body’s cells. If high blood sugar from diabetes remains untreated, it can cause severe damage to your eyes, nerves and kidneys. Type 1 diabetes, classified as an autoimmune disease, destroys insulin storage in cells of the pancreas where the hormone is produced. Type 2 diabetes occurs when elevated levels of sugar accumulate in the body because of your body’s resistance to insulin. Prediabetes, a forerunner to diabetes, does not constitute a diagnosis for diabetes type 2 but occurs when glucose levels are higher than usual. During an advanced stage of pregnancy, lactogen, an insulin blocking hormone can elevate glucose levels during pregnancy, leading to gestational diabetes. Dr Tebogo Machailo diagnoses and manages diabetes in his patients incorporating healthy lifestyle changes within treatment plans utilising insulin for gestational diabetes care.
• Lupus: The lifelong autoimmune disease, lupus, from a hyperactive immune system, starts attacking and destroying healthy tissue, having a severe impact on the skin, joints, lungs, kidneys, brain and heart. Commonly referred to as the "disease of 1000 faces," it can have devastating effects on the immune system, particularly the kidneys, which suffer swelling and inflammation. Although lupus is not contagious, it can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, referred to as neonatal lupus. Lupus erythematosus, being more severe than discoid lupus, is a routine condition impacting the entire body appearing cyclical entering into phases of remission. Most people suffering from this autoimmune disease will develop lupus nephritis that attacks the kidneys arising from symptoms of foamy urine, joint swelling and high blood pressure. Because there’s no specific cure for lupus, Dr Tebogo Machailo will manage lupus symptoms with necessary lifestyle changes utilising meditation to reduce pain, inflammation regulating hormones and controlling blood pressure.
• Glomerulonephritis: Glomerulonephritis arises from tiny inflamed structures comprised of blood vessels situated in the kidneys. Damage of the glomeruli will interfere with kidney functions, possibly leading to kidney failure. Acute glomerulonephritis referred to as GN or nephritis, formerly known as Bright’s disease, develops after a severe infection from HIV, hepatitis or strep throat. People suffering from acute glomerulonephritis experience symptoms of facial puffiness, rust-coloured or blood-stained urine, excess fluid in the lungs and high blood pressure. Chronic glomerulonephritis may go undetected, showing few symptoms. Still, when symptoms do occur, people with the condition develop symptoms of high blood pressure, frequent nosebleeds, excess protein in urine becoming foamy or bubbly. Acute or chronic glomerulonephritis can advance to such an extent that people may experience fatigue, nausea, dry skin, insomnia and night-time muscle cramps resulting in kidney failure (Covisus). Dr Tebogo Machailo will order a urinalysis test as traces of protein and blood in the urine serve as markers for the disease. Treating glomerulonephritis depends on the type, cause and severity of the disease.
• Hypertension: Uncontrolled, persistent high blood pressure causes arteries surrounding the kidneys to weaken and narrow and because of this, damaged arteries are unable to deliver sufficient blood to kidney tissue. Our bean-shaped kidneys produce aldosterone, a hormone that assists the body in regulating blood pressure. With uncontrollable blood pressure causing kidney damage, more arteries stop functioning when becoming blocked, eventually leading to kidney failure. Renovascular hypertension from elevated blood pressure as a result of kidney disease is usually managed through the usage of blood pressure drugs. Patients who are suffering from renal hypertension experience headaches, double vision, pink or blood-stained urine, confusion and nosebleeds. Renal hypertension can be fixed through surgery, stenting or angioplasty. Dr Tebogo Machailo treats renal hypertension prescribing medication controlling blood pressure recommending healthy lifestyle changes to control high blood pressure.
• HIV/AIDS: Being HIV positive puts you at risk of developing kidney disease, especially if you have diabetes with hypertension. You are also more susceptible to the condition if you already have a low CD4 count or have a high viral load, meaning that there's a large amount of HIV in your blood. HIV can harm the body's filtering system, specifically nephrons as well as kidney cells, having a severe effect on your kidneys. Certain HIV medications can also impact your kidney's nephrons and needs to be carefully monitored to prevent kidney failure. If you discover that you are HIV Positive, it's vital to test for kidney disease, especially if you have any other underlying conditions.
• Acute kidney failure: The elimination of excess fluids, salts and waste in the blood is the kidneys' primary function. With acute kidney failure, the kidneys fail to remove excess fluid, causing fluids and electrolytes to accumulate within the body having life-threatening consequences. There are various causes for acute renal failure including autoimmune kidney diseases, interstitial nephritis and acute nephritic syndrome, severe dehydration, urinary tract obstructions and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). You are more likely to develop acute kidney failure if you are over sixty, have diabetes, hypertension, liver or kidney disease, heart failure and morbid obesity. Dr Tebogo Machailo diagnoses acute kidney failure through urinalysis and blood urea nitrogen or BUN test measuring urea nitrogen levels in the blood incorporating a healthy diet in treatment plans preventing the accumulation of excess waste while the kidneys heal. There's no real need for dialysis unless potassium levels are incredibly high.
• Chronic kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease arises when there's lifelong prolonged kidney damage that worsens over time. Your kidneys will eventually stop working if damage to the kidneys is so severe, potentially resulting in kidney failure. You may require dialysis if damage to the kidneys becomes life-threatening. People living with underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension or heart and kidney disease are more susceptible to chronic kidney disease. Muscle cramps, intense itching, swelling and insomnia are possible symptoms of chronic kidney disease leading to kidney failure. Kidney damage is permanent, and that's why it's so essential to manage and maintain kidney health. Dr Tebogo Machailo incorporates exercise and a healthy diet to limit the build-up of minerals in the body and to maintain a healthy weight in treatment plans.